Soil Preparation
Good soil preparation before planting does more for a garden's long-term success than almost anything done afterward. Loosened, amended soil gives roots room to spread and access to the nutrients and moisture they need.
Start by Loosening the Soil
Turn or till the bed to a depth of about 8 to 12 inches, breaking up compacted soil so roots can penetrate freely. Avoid working soil that's still wet from rain — it compacts into clumps that are hard to break up later and can damage soil structure.
Remove rocks, roots, and debris as you go, and break up large clumps by hand or with a rake.
Squeeze a handful of soil — if it crumbles apart easily, it's ready to work; if it stays in a solid, muddy clump, give it another day or two to dry.
Work in Organic Matter
Mixing two to three inches of compost or well-aged manure into the top several inches of soil improves structure, drainage, and nutrient content all at once — a benefit that pays off across nearly every type of soil, from heavy clay to fast-draining sand.
